Physical Characteristics Of LCD Screens

LCD screen is based on liquid crystal material as the basic component. Due to the fact that liquid crystal is between solid and liquid states, it not only has solid-state crystal optical properties, but also has liquid flow characteristics, so it can be said to be an intermediate phase. To understand the photoelectric effect generated by liquid crystals, it is necessary to explain their physical properties, including their viscosity, elasticity, and polarizability.
From the perspective of fluid mechanics, the viscosity and elasticity of liquid crystals can be considered as a liquid with alignment properties, and should have different effects depending on the direction of the applied force. It's like throwing a short wooden stick into a flowing river water. The short wooden stick flows with the river water, appearing messy at first. After a while, the long axes of all the short wooden sticks naturally become aligned with the direction of the river water flow, indicating the flow mode with the lowest viscosity and the physical model with the lowest free energy of flow. In addition, liquid crystals not only exhibit viscous reactions, but also elastic reactions, all of which exhibit directional effects in response to external forces. Therefore, when light enters liquid crystal material, it will inevitably travel according to the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules, resulting in a natural deflection phenomenon. As for the electronic structure of liquid crystal molecules, they all have strong electron conjugation ability. Therefore, when liquid crystal molecules are subjected to an external electric field, they are easily polarized to produce induced dipole, which is also the source of the interaction force between liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal panel used in general electronic products utilizes the photoelectric effect of liquid crystals, controlled by external voltage, and through the refractive properties of liquid crystal molecules and their ability to rotate light, to obtain brightness and darkness (or contrast known as visual optics), thereby achieving the purpose of imaging.